Research
I am a Professor of Cognitive Science in the Faculty of Education. My research integrates cognition, neuroscience, child development, and education into a multi-disciplinary programme aimed at improving education in three core areas: science, maths, and literacy. Using an iterative process, I link laboratory-based research with classroom learning to better understand mechanisms responsible for cognitive development and improve educational practice. I study the role of executive functions in school achievement, investigate the role of causal reasoning for learning scientific phenomena, and apply specific cognitive principles to classroom learning (e.g., simplicity and desirable difficulties). Initially trained in developmental cognitive neuroscience, my inter-disciplinary team of students and collaborators includes developmental scientists, cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, educators, linguists, chemists, biologists, and physicists.
Publications
Patel, J., Aldercotte, A., Tsapali, M., Serpell, Z., Parr, T., & Ellefson, M.R. (2021). The zoo task: A novel metacognitive problem-solving task developed with a sample of African American children from schools in high poverty communities. Psychological Assessment, 33, 795-802. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001033 Preprint: https://psyarxiv.com/78y96/ Data:https://osf.io/gkac3/ Zoo Task (Creative Commons license): https://osf.io/c6aq7/
Vasilopoulos, F., & Ellefson, M.R. (2021). Investigation of the associations between physical activity, self-regulation and educational outcomes in childhood. PLOS One, 16, e0250984. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250984 Preprint:https://psyarxiv.com/th43u/
Paes, T., Tsapali, M., & Ellefson, M.R. (2020). Studying cognitive development in school-aged children. In G. Westerman (Ed)., The encyclopaedia of child and adolescent development (Vol. 3, Cognition). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad107
Xu, C., Ellefson, M.R., Ng, F., Wang, Q., & Hughes, C. (2020). An East-West contrast in executive function: Measurement invariance of computerized tasks in school-aged children and adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 199, 104929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104929
Ellefson, M.R., Zachariou, A., Ng, F.F., Wang, Q., & Hughes, C. (2020). Do executive functions mediate the link between socioeconomic status and numeracy skills? A cross-site comparison of Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 194, 104734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104734
Barsham, H., & Ellefson, M.R. (2020). Can teaching upper primary about the ‘testing effect’ increase feelings of confidence about test-taking? Impact, 8. Retrieve from: https://impact.chartered.college/article/can-teaching-upper-primary-testing-effect-increase-feelings-confidence-test-taking/
Tsapali, M., Paes, T.M., & Ellefson, M.R. (2020). Researching cognitive development in primary schools: Methods and practical considerations. Impact, 8, 52-55. Retrieve from: https://impact.chartered.college/article/researching-cognitive-development-primary-schools-methods/
Ellefson, M.R., Baker, S.T., & Gibson, J. (2019). Lessons for successful cognitive developmental science in educational settings: The case of executive functions. Journal of Cognition and Development, 20, 253-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2018.1551219
Tsapali, M., & Ellefson, M.R. (2019). Using direct instruction to train primary school children in decision-making skills in the science classroom. Impact, 5, 18-21. Retrieved from: https://impact.chartered.college/article/utilising-direct-instruction-train-primary-school-children-decision-making-skills-science-classroom/
Poletiek, F.H., Conway, C.M., Ellefson, M.R., Lai, J., Bocanegra, B. R., & Christiansen, M. H. (2018). Under what conditions can recursion be learned? Effects of starting small in artificial grammar learning of center embedded structure. Cognitive Science, 42, 2855-2889. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12685
Paes, T., & Ellefson, M.R. (2018). Pretend play and the development of children’s language skills. Impact, 2, 60-63. Retrieve from: https://impact.chartered.college/article/paes_pretend-play-development-language-skills
Ellefson, M.R., Ng, F.F., Wang, Q., & Hughes, C. (2017). Efficiency of executive function: A two-generation cross-cultural comparison of samples from Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. Psychological Science, 28, 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616687812
Teparek, M., Morgan, R., Ellefson, M., & Kingsley, D. (2017). Starting from the end: what to do when restricted data is released. Data Science Journal, 16, 10. https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2017-010
Goedert, K.M., Ellefson, M.R., & Rehder, B. (2014). Differences in the weighting and choice of evidence for plausible versus implausible causes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 40, 683-702. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035547
Vousden, J.I., Ellefson, M.R., Solity J., & Chater, N. (2011). Simplifying reading: Applying the simplicity principle to reading. Cognitive Science, 35, 34-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01134.x
Ellefson, M.R., Treiman, R., & Kessler, B. (2009). Learning to label letters by sounds or names: A comparison of England and the United States. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 102, 323-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2008.05.008
Christiansen, M.H., Conway, C.M., & Ellefson, M.R. (2002). Raising the bar for connectionist modeling of developmental disorders. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 752-753. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525x02230137
Christiansen, M.H., Dale, R.A.C., Ellefson, M.R., & Conway, C.M. (2002). The role of sequential learning in language evolution: Computation and experimental studies. In A. Cangelosi and D. Parisi (Eds.), Computational approaches to the evolution of language. New York, USA: Springer Verlag.
Christiansen, M.H., & Ellefson, M.R., (2002). Linguistic adaptation without linguistic constraints: The role of sequential learning in language evolution. In A. Wray (Ed.), The transition to language: Studies in the evolution of language (pp. 335-358). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. [Chapter selected by peer review].
Molfese, D.L., Narter, D.B., Van Matre, A.J., Ellefson, M.R., & Modglin, A.A. (2001). Language development during infancy and early childhood: Electrophysiological correlates. In J. Weissenborn and B. Hoehle (Eds.), Approaches to Bootstrapping: Phonological, lexical, syntactic and neurophysiological aspects of early language development, Volume 2 (pp. 181-229). Philadelphia, PA, USA: John Benjamins.
Publications (from Symplectic)
2025
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74138-8_10
2020
2018 (Accepted for publication)
Doi: http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.58228
2018
2017
2015
2014
2013
2003
2000
2024
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000427
2023
Doi: 10.1037/met0000473
Doi: 10.1177/07356331221121052
Doi: 10.1016/j.tine.2023.100198
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286208
2022
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13319
2021 (No publication date)
Doi: http://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j8bct
2021 (Accepted for publication)
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001033
2021
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250984
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001033
2020

Doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104734
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104929
2019
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2018.1551219
2018 (Accepted for publication)
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12685
2017

Doi: 10.1177/0956797616687812
Doi: http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2017-010
2014

Doi: http://doi.org/10.1037/a0035547
2013
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078540
2012
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9284-5
2011
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01134.x
2009
2008
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-008-9114-6
2007
Doi: http://doi.org/10.3758/bf03194106
2006
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.01.002
2003
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00024-x
2002
2022 (No publication date)
Doi: http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.86070
Doi: http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.87661
2021 (No publication date)
2021
2020 (No publication date)
Doi: http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.54222
Doi: http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.55012
2017
Doi: http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.36091
2015
2021
Doi: 10.1163/9789004450004_004
2020
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad107
2019 (Published online)
Doi: 10.1002/9781119171492
2002
Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-0663-0_8
Doi: 10.1093/oso/9780199250653.003.0016
2001
Doi: 10.1075/lald.24.10mol
2016
Doi: http://doi.org/10.1101/085100